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2023/06/10
TIME閱讀解析 17 - 新出爐的聯合國氣候報告中最駭人的部分， 居然是科學家不能預測的？
The Scariest Part of the New U.N. Climate Report?
What Scientists Can't Predict
新出爐的聯合國氣候報告中最駭人的部分，居然是科學家不能預測的？
單字→粗體黃底 片語→粗體斜字 句型→底線 文法→底線粗體
The scariest part of a landmark new report on the science of climate change may be what scientists don’t know.
On Monday, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the U.N.’s climate–science body, released the final volume in a series of reports outlining experts’ latest understanding of the science of climate change. The report declared the science of climate change “unequivocal” and warned that even with urgent action we will continue to face a dramatic uptick in catastrophic events — from droughts to floods — that have become tell-tale signs of a rapidly warming world.
But, for all that scientists are able to lay out clearly and confidently, the part that gives me the greatest pause is the brief section on what you might call “known unknowns” — potential outcomes that scientists know could happen even if they don’t know when or understand exactly how. Near the middle of the 37-page summary for policymakers, which outlines the report’s key themes, scientists explain the “likelihood and risks of unavoidable, irreversible or abrupt changes.”
BY JUSTIN WORLAND MARCH 20, 2023
全文連結：https://time.com/6264486/un-climate-report-ipcc-tipping-points/
單字
1. landmark (n.) 里程碑
The French Revolution serves as a landmark in the world history, having a huge impact on world politics.
法國大革命是世界歷史上的一個里程碑，對世界政治產生巨大影響。
2. theme (n.) 主題
The theme of the essay is regarding efforts to protect the poor children from being deprived of education.
這篇文章的主題是關於保護貧窮孩童免於失學所付出的努力。
3. abrupt (adj.) 突然的
The abrupt changes of timetable have given all the members lots of inconvenience.
時間表的突然改變已給所有成員帶來諸多不便。
片語
1. a series of + N 一系列的……
The art gallery announced that it would give a series of exhibitions, contemporary works in particular.
美術館宣布將舉辦一系列展覽，特別是當代作品。
2. declare A (to be) B 宣告A為 B
The sculpture of an ancient Egyptian god was finally declared not genuine through endless inspections.
這尊古埃及神像經過層層檢驗，最終被宣告為並非真品。
3. lay out 清楚地解釋(某事物)
Please be informed that the safety regulations are laid out in this pamphlet completely.
請注意，這本小冊子已完整解釋安全規定。
句型
1. for all that + S + V 儘管……
= for all + N
For all that scientists are able to lay out clearly and confidently, the part that gives me the greatest pause is the brief section ...
= For all scientists’ ability to lay out clearly and confidently, the part that gives me the greatest pause is the brief section ...
文法點
1. 關係代名詞省略成為分詞片語
句構推導如下：
The U.N.’s climate–science body released the final volume in a series of reports that outline experts’ latest understanding of the science of climate change.
→The U.N.’s climate–science body released the final volume in a series of reports outlining experts’ latest understanding of the science of climate change.
(1)省略關代“that”；
(2)動詞“outline”主動，改為現在分詞“outlining”
2. 關係代名詞that溯源
Even with urgent 1action we will continue to face a dramatic 2uptick in catastrophic 3events — from 4droughts to 5floods — that have become tell-tale signs of a rapidly warming world.
關係代名詞that原則上可以代替「人」或「物」，那麼以上的“that”是代替1到5之中哪一個名詞呢？
因關係代名詞that後的動詞“have become”為「複數型(助動詞為have)」，主詞亦應配合為複數，故單數型的action和 uptick可先排除。
那麼，三個複數型名詞events/droughts/floods會是哪一個呢？答案是 “events”。
“from droughts to floods”是一個完整的介系詞片語結構，加上結構前後各有一個破折號(—)，足以表明其獨立且自成一格的結構，故關代 “that”指代的對象，理論上可直接略過droughts與floods。
句構推導如下：
We will continue to face a dramatic uptick in catastrophic events — from droughts to floods.
The events have become tell-tale signs of a rapidly warming world.
→We will continue to face a dramatic uptick in catastrophic events — from droughts to floods — and the events have become tell-tale signs of a rapidly warming world.
→We will continue to face a dramatic uptick in catastrophic events — from droughts to floods — that have become tell-tale signs of a rapidly warming world.
*that = and the events
3. what = the thing which
句構推導如下：
The part is the brief section on the thing.
You might call the thing “known unknowns.”
→ The part is the brief section on the thing and you might call the thing “known unknowns.”
→ The part is the brief section on the thing which you might call “known unknowns.”
*which = and the thing
→" The part is the brief section on what you might call “known unknowns.”
*what = the thing which
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