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2023/10/17 TIME閱讀解析 33 - 如何消弭線上言論自由

How to Kill Online Free Speech
如何消弭線上言論自由

單字→粗體黃底　片語→粗體斜字　句型→底線　文法→底線粗體

On Cinco de Mayo, New York City Mayor Eric Adams’ Facebook account livestreamed celebration, and the comments section turned into a dumpster fire. Many came to vent — often hatefully — about the city’s migrant crisis. One commenter lamented the “destruction” of New York by “all, these unwashed illegals immigrants,” and another told the mayor, “Don´t send your garbage upstate! Keep it down there!”
Anti-immigrant and xenophobic comments are frequent on Adams’ Facebook account. When Adams streamed a celebration of Eid at his official residence featuring several Muslim speakers, a user replied “Stupid. Here to ruin another state. Another non American here to ruin within.”
However offensive to Mexicans and Muslims, these comments are perfectly legal under the First Amendment. And as a public official, Mayor Adams is prohibited by the First Amendment from suppressing specific viewpoints on a public forum such as his official Facebook account. But had Adams been the mayor of Paris, the irate users could potentially have landed Adams in legal limbo.
BY JACOB MCHANGAMA AND JEFF KOSSEFF MAY 30, 2023 9:29 AM EDT

單字
1. vent (vt.) 發洩，表達（負面情緒）
The frustrated employee decided to vent his grievances during the team meeting, expressing his concerns about the lack of communication within the company.
挫敗的員工決定在團隊會議時發洩他的不滿，表達他對公司內部缺乏溝通的憂慮。

2. lament (vt.) 對……感到悲痛，對…感到失望，痛惜
Despite his accomplishments, he couldn't help but lament the missed opportunities and unfulfilled dreams of his youth.

3. xenophobic (adj.) 排外的，仇外的，懼外的
Despite claims of progress, some countries continue to struggle with xenophobic attitudes, hindering efforts to foster inclusivity and diversity.
儘管聲稱進步，某些國家仍持續對外籍人士抱有拒斥態度，妨礙了促進社會包容性與多樣性的努力。

4. irate (adj.) 極其憤怒的，盛怒的
The customer became irate when the salesperson failed to provide a satisfactory solution to their problem.
當銷售人員未能為顧客的問題提供令人滿意的解決方案時，顧客開始轉為盛怒。

片語
1. dumpster fire 結果是（尤指出乎意料的結果）；最後發現
The management of the company tried to salvage the situation, but the project was an absolute dumpster fire, resulting in massive delays and financial losses.
公司的管理階層盡力挽回局面，但該企劃簡直是一場徹底的失控，導致嚴重的延誤與經濟上的損失。
2. be prohibited from 被禁止（做某事）
In certain jurisdictions, individuals convicted of serious crimes may be prohibited from traveling abroad for an extended period of time.
在特定的司法管轄中，被判重大罪行的個體可能被禁止長時間出境旅遊。
3. land (someone) in (something) 使（某人）陷入困境
A series of poor decisions can land someone in a downward spiral of debt and financial instability.
一連串的糟糕決定可能會讓一個人陷入負債與財務狀況不穩定的惡性循環。

句型
However + adj./adv. 無論……，不管有多……
後面加上形容詞或者副詞，意同no matter how加上形容詞或副詞，代表不論某事的情況如何，後續的陳述仍然成立，這種句型通常用於表達一種前後對比或強調後續論述的語氣。However challenging the task may be, we are determined to overcome the obstacles and achieve our goals.

One + V ……, and another + V …….
one與another引導兩個不同的人或事物，這樣的結構通常用於列舉多個性質相似或相關的人事物。前後的結構平行，動詞時態一致。One student praised the teacher for her dedication, while another criticized her teaching methods.

文法點
1. 假設語氣句型倒裝
一個描述與過去事實相反的假設句型，在條件句的動詞會使用過去完成式（had + 過去分詞），用來描述假設的狀況與過去情況相反的假設；結果句則需使用would/could/should/might + have +過去分詞，表示與過去發生事實或實現的事相反的情形，而根據不同情境要選用不同的情態助詞。

在節選文章中的假設句型將had提前，省略if，將原本的句型改為倒裝句。
If + S + had + p.p., S + could + have + p.p.

Had + S + p.p., S + could + have + p.p.

But had Adams been the mayor of Paris, the irate users could potentially have landed Adams in legal limbo.
= If Adams had been the mayor of Paris, he could potentially have landed Adams in legal limbo.

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