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2023/11/20
TIME閱讀解析 37 - 日本法院支持同性婚姻，立委卻不願合法化的原因在此
Courts in Japan Support Same-Sex Marriage, But Lawmakers Are Reluctant to Legalize It. Here’s Why
日本法院支持同性婚姻，立委卻不願合法化的原因在此
單字→粗體黃底 片語→粗體斜字 句型→底線 文法→底線粗體
A district court in the southwestern Japanese city of Fukuoka ruled on Thursday that the East Asian country’s ban on same-sex marriage is “in a state of unconstitutionality.”
With the Fukuoka court’s decision, the rulings on five lawsuits brought by same-sex couples in 2019 on marriage equality have all been handed down: now three local courts have ruled that the ban is not constitutional, while two have said it is (though, while a Tokyo court upheld the ban, it added that the lack of a legal system for same-sex couples to become family members violates their human rights).
Those judgments, plus the overwhelming public opinion favoring same-sex unions, should put additional pressure on Japan’s lawmakers to end the ban and fully legislate marriage equality. Japan, which has fallen behind its peers in institutionalizing LGBT rights, has drawn flak for being the only G7 nation not to recognize same-sex partnerships.
單字
1. unconstitutionality (vt.) 不合憲法；違憲
The Supreme Court's ruling declared the new law's unconstitutionality, emphasizing its violation of fundamental rights protected by the constitution.
最高法院的判決宣布新法律違憲，強調其違反了憲法所保護的基本權利。
2. uphold (vt.) 支援，維護，贊成（尤指法律相關決議）
The judicial system plays a crucial role in ensuring justice is served by upholding the principles of fairness and equality for all citizens.
司法系統在透過維護公正平等原則以確保替全體公民聲張公平正義的過程中，扮演著至關重要的角色。
3. favor (vt.) 贊同；較喜歡
I am inclined to favor the proposal that emphasizes environmental sustainability and long-term benefits for future generations.
我傾向支持注重環境永續性以及未來世代長期利益的那個提案。
4. institutionalize (vt.) 使制度化；使成為慣例
After years of persistent effort, the organization successfully managed to institutionalize environmentally sustainable practices throughout its entire supply chain.
經過了多年不懈的付出，該組織成功使環境永續實踐在他們整個供應鏈當中得到制度化。
片語
1. be reluctant to 不願意，不情願去
Many students may be reluctant to challenge their professors' opinions due to a fear of repercussions.
許多學生可能出於害怕可能帶來的後果而不願意挑戰教授提出的觀點。
2. hand down 宣布；宣判
The experienced judge handed down a fair and just verdict after carefully considering all the evidence presented in court.
這名經驗豐富的法官在謹慎考量在法院呈上的所有證據過後，宣判了一個公正且合理的判決。
3. fall behind 落後，跟不上
Despite her initial efforts, she found it challenging to keep up with the fast-paced lecture and eventually began to fall behind.
儘管起初的嘗試與付出的心力，他發現要跟上節奏快速的課程很具挑戰性，最終開始落後課程。
句型
1. S + V…, plus S + V 再者；另外
本身能夠被當成副詞、形容詞、名詞與對等連接詞使用，而將plus當連接詞使用大多數是在口語或非正式場合，連接兩個子句來連接兩個元素。The company implemented various cost-cutting measures to improve its financial situation, plus it launched a new marketing campaign to attract more customers.
該公司實行了各種降低成本的措施以改善他們的財務狀況，此外，還推出了新的行銷活動以吸引更多客戶。
2. S + draw flak for + N/Ving 某人因……受到指責
After finishing his presentation, the speaker invited questions from the audience, followed by a lively debate on the topic.
在他的發表結束之後，講者邀請觀眾提出問題，隨後他們針對主題展開了一場激烈的爭論。
文法點
1. 非限定關係子句
非限定關係子句通常用於對句子當中的主詞提供額外的補充資訊，並且該句若由句子中移除並不影響文法關係，因此非限定關係子句經常用於對主詞加上補充的描述，以使主詞能夠有更立體的描述。
節選文章當中“Japan, which has fallen behind its peers in institutionalizing LGBT rights, has drawn flak for being the only G7 nation not to recognize same-sex partnerships.”是在描述日本因身為G7組織國一原而尚未承認同性伴侶關係而受到抨擊，而中間插入的子句則是補充說明日本在制度化LGBTQ+權益上已落後其他國家。
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